工業(yè)和信息化部、國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委等八部門(mén)近日聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于加快傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》)?!吨笇?dǎo)意見(jiàn)》提出,到2027年,傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)高端化、智能化、綠色化、融合化發(fā)展水平明顯提升,在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)分工中的地位和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力進(jìn)一步鞏固增強(qiáng)。
China has released a guideline on accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. By 2027, China's traditional manufacturing industries should achieve notable progress in their high-end, intelligent, green, and integrated development, consolidating their position and competitiveness in the global industrial division of labor and cooperation, according to the guideline jointly released by eight authorities, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the National Development and Reform Commission.
2023年3月,在位于四川省德陽(yáng)市的東方電氣集團(tuán)東方汽輪機(jī)有限公司的葉片加工數(shù)字化車(chē)間里,投入2億元建設(shè)的“黑燈產(chǎn)線(xiàn)”正在運(yùn)行?!昂跓簟辈⒉皇钦娴牟婚_(kāi)燈,而是指在無(wú)人干預(yù)的情況下,也可以智慧化運(yùn)行。圖片來(lái)源:新華社
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
黨的十八大以來(lái),我國(guó)制造業(yè)已形成了世界規(guī)模最大、門(mén)類(lèi)最齊全、體系最完整、國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力較強(qiáng)的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì),成為科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化的重要載體、吸納就業(yè)的重要渠道、創(chuàng)造稅收的重要來(lái)源、開(kāi)展國(guó)際貿(mào)易的重要領(lǐng)域。與此同時(shí),我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)“大而不強(qiáng)”“全而不精”問(wèn)題仍然突出。
《指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》的總體要求是,到2027年,工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)字化研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)工具普及率、關(guān)鍵工序數(shù)控化率分別超過(guò)90%、70%,工業(yè)能耗強(qiáng)度和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度持續(xù)下降,萬(wàn)元工業(yè)增加值用水量較2023年下降13%左右,大宗工業(yè)固體廢物綜合利用率超過(guò)57%。
《指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》提出,要探索建設(shè)區(qū)域人工智能數(shù)據(jù)處理中心,提供海量數(shù)據(jù)處理、生成式人工智能工具開(kāi)發(fā)等服務(wù),促進(jìn)人工智能賦能傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)。推動(dòng)資源高效循環(huán)利用。大力發(fā)展廢鋼鐵、廢舊動(dòng)力電池、廢舊家電、廢舊紡織品回收處理綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)。推進(jìn)工業(yè)廢水循環(huán)利用,提升工業(yè)水資源集約節(jié)約水平。實(shí)施重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng),完善工業(yè)節(jié)能管理制度,推進(jìn)節(jié)能降碳技術(shù)改造。開(kāi)展產(chǎn)能置換政策實(shí)施情況評(píng)估,完善跨區(qū)域產(chǎn)能置換機(jī)制,對(duì)能效高、碳排放低的技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目,適當(dāng)給予產(chǎn)能置換比例政策支持。
《指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》明確,堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展,加快邁向價(jià)值鏈中高端。加快數(shù)字技術(shù)賦能,全面推動(dòng)智能制造發(fā)展。強(qiáng)化綠色低碳發(fā)展,深入實(shí)施節(jié)能降碳改造。推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)融合互促,加速培育新業(yè)態(tài)新模式。加大政策支持力度,營(yíng)造良好發(fā)展環(huán)境。
【重要講話(huà)】
面對(duì)新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革浪潮,我們要著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、把握機(jī)遇、乘勢(shì)而上,推進(jìn)數(shù)字化、智能化、綠色化轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展,共同強(qiáng)化科技創(chuàng)新和成果轉(zhuǎn)化,推進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合。
Facing a new wave of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, we should look beyond the horizon, seize the opportunities, and move along with the trend to promote transition to digital, smart and green development. We should jointly boost innovation and market application of scientific and technological advances, and push forward full integration of digital and physical economies.
——2023年11月16日,習(xí)近平在亞太經(jīng)合組織工商領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)上的書(shū)面演講
堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的著力點(diǎn)放在實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)上,推進(jìn)新型工業(yè)化,加快建設(shè)制造強(qiáng)國(guó)、質(zhì)量強(qiáng)國(guó)、航天強(qiáng)國(guó)、交通強(qiáng)國(guó)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國(guó)、數(shù)字中國(guó)。實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)再造工程和重大技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān)工程,支持專(zhuān)精特新企業(yè)發(fā)展,推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高端化、智能化、綠色化發(fā)展。
In pursuing economic growth, we must continue to focus on the real economy. We will advance new industrialization and move faster to boost China's strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, cyberspace, and digital development. We will carry out industrial foundation reengineering projects and research projects on major technologies and equipment; support enterprises that use special and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products; and move the manufacturing sector toward higher-end, smarter, and greener production.
——2022年10月16日,習(xí)近平在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告
【相關(guān)詞匯】
數(shù)字化研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)工具普及率
the penetration rate of digital research and development and design tools
智能產(chǎn)業(yè)
intelligent industry
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津工作室(本文于“學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)國(guó)”學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)首發(fā))